forked from scooper/Ruralcleancookingstove
tryin this
Shallonvaye
1 year ago
commit
9f59e26078
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
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<script>
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function init() {
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var loc = window.location.href;
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var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
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'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
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document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
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HTMLvalidLinkStr);
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document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
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}
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window.onload = init;
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<ul class="nav">
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<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a class="active" href="about.html">About</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1>About</h1>
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<h2>Tanaka Chirara</h2>
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<p>Future location of any important contact information or details about Tanaka</p>
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<h2>Dr. Stephan Hubbard</h2>
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<p>Maybe a section talking about Dr. Hubbard?</p>
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<footer>
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<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
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<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
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</footer>
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</body>
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</html>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
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<script>
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function init() {
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var loc = window.location.href;
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var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
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var CSSvalidLinkStr =
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'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
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loc + '?profile=css3';
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document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
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HTMLvalidLinkStr);
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document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
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}
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window.onload = init;
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</script>
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<style>
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<ul class="nav">
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<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a class="active" href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1>Conclusion</h1>
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<p>
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The results disproves the null hypothesis in the tested configuration. The clean cooking
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apparatus does reduce IAP. Therefore, the next step will to be improve the design of the IAP
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Reduction Stove so that it best suits the people who need it the most. The next step will be
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building a full-scale prototype with the hood and chimney to test the cut and fold patterns
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and the minimum gage steel that can be used.
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</p>
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<p>
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After building the prototype it is then installed in a unit dwelling with a steel roof or thatched
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roof to determine its usefulness and efficiency in the real world.
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</p>
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<p>
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I will also look for partners to create the units and a website where those who have installed
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a unit can upload their experiences and suggested improvements (and their improved layout
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patterns). This adopts the highly-successful approach of crowdsourcing, whereby products
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are continually improved by their users. This enables the basic approach to be refined for
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different climates, cultures and lifestyles. Examples of this include Waze, which collects
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traffic data for use by everyone, MacDonalds and Starbucks, who collect user ideas to
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improve their products, and the publicly maintained software UNIX operating system,
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(Berkeley Standard Distribution - BSD), and its descendent, Linux, which is installed on over
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32.8 million systems and on 1.6 billion Android phones worldwide (99 Firms 2022).
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</p>
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<section>
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<img src="images/tanaka_experiment.png" class="floatright" height="300" alt="Stove Testing">
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<h2 >BIBILIOGRAPHY OF REFERENCES</h2>
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<ul class="test3">
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<li class="sources">Air pollution data portal. (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2022, from
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<a class="link" href="https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution" style="color:#276d9e;">
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https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution</a></li>
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<li class="sources">WHO (2002). The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Organization.</li>
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<li class="sources">Rural population (% of total population)—Zimbabwe | Data. (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2022, from
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<a class="link" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZW" style="color:#276d9e;">
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https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZW</a></li>
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<li class="sources">WHO (2002). The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Organization.</li>
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<li class="sources">H. D. Young, Physics, vol. 1, Addison-Wesly Publishing Company & Inc, 18th edition, 1992 Rohani (the year 2010 )
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<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/">
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http://www.sciencedirect.com/</a></li>
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<li class="sources">Heat transfer engineering, Naim Afgan, MGS Carvalho and Suzana Prstic (July 2003)
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<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.researchgate.net/">
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http://www.researchgate.net/</a></li>
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<li class="sources">Thermoelectric power generator by Joseph W.Harpster(March 2007)
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<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.britannica.com/">
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http://www.britannica.com/</a></li>
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<li class="sources">Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting article by D Enescu
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<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.intechopen.com/">
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http://www.intechopen.com/</a></li>
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<li class="sources">Adora, Mr. Nikunj; Mehta, Prof Shruti; Shah, Mr. Pratik (2015-03-01). "Review ofthermoelectricity to improve energy quality". 2 Issue 3 (March-2015). JETIR.
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<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="www.metadata.com">
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www.metadata.com</a></li>
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<li class="sources">99 Firms, Linux Statistics (2022-18-2).
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<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="https://99firms.com/blog/linux-statistics/#gref">
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https://99firms.com/blog/linux-statistics/#gref </a></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<footer>
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<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
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<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
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</footer>
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</body>
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</html>
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.nav {
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list-style-type: none;
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padding: 0;
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border: 100px;
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background-color: #000000;
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}
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.test {
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background-color: #FFFFFF;
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float: none;
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color: #000000;
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}
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.test2 {
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list-style: disc;
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background-color: #FFFFFF;
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margin: 10px;
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padding: 0;
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float: none;
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}
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.test3 {
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float: none;
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.nav li {
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float: left;
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}
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@font-face {
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font-family: "Vollkron";
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src: url(fonts/Vollkorn-VariableFont_wght.ttf);
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}
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.sources {
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padding: 5px;
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}
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body {
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font-family: 'Vollkron', sans-serif;
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}
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.news a {
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display: block;
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color: white;
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text-align: center;
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padding: 14px 16px;
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text-decoration: none;
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}
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.nav li a:hover {
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background-color: #276d9e;
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color: white;
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}
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.active {
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background-color: #7ad1ef;
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}
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.floatright {
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float: right;
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clear: right;
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margin: 10px;
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}
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.floatright2 {
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float: right;
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clear: right;
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margin-right: 300px;
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}
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.floatleft {
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float: left;
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clear: left;
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margin-right: 10px;
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margin-bottom: 5px
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}
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.mar {
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margin-left: 70px;
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}
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article {
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padding: 10px;
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}
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h2 {
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margin-bottom: 5px;
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margin-top: 3px;
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}
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h1 {
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margin-bottom: 3px;
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margin-left: 3px
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}
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p{
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margin: 10px;
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font-size: 18px;
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}
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.test li, .test2 li{
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margin: 5px;
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margin-left: 30px;
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font-size: 18px;
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}
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.test3 li {
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font-size: 17px;
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margin: 5px;
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}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
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<script>
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function init() {
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var loc = window.location.href;
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var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
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||||||
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var CSSvalidLinkStr =
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||||||
|
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
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loc + '?profile=css3';
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||||||
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document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
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HTMLvalidLinkStr);
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document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
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}
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window.onload = init;
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<ul class="nav">
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<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a class="active" href="design.html">Design</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1>Design</h1>
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<article>
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<h2>Procedure followed to design and construct the cooking Stove</h2>
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<h2 class="floatright">Thermal design assumption of the cooking stove</h2>
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<img src="images/thermal_design_table" class="floatright" height="250" alt="Thermal Design Assumption Table">
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<ul class="test3">
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<li class="sources">Test the performance of designs based on the experience of Zimbabwe
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residents who cook inside of their dwellings without proper ventilation
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and suffer from IAP.</li>
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<li class="sources">One square meter of discarded sheet metal 1mm thick was used to create
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several different units.</li>
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<li class="sources">The metal sheet was marked using some chalk to create fold lines and cut
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lines.</li>
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<li class="sources">The marked shapes were cut using sheet metal snips. The shapes were
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joining by folding the edges of the two-dimensional shapes to form threedimensional shapes.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Note: Pop rivets were used for speed, but the shapes can all be assembled using folded tabs.</p>
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</article>
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<article>
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<h2> Design of Combustion Chamber: </h2>
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<p>
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The combustion chamber is designed in a
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rectangular prism shape. In the combustion chamber fuel (wood pieces) are
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combusted. It was observed that inner chamber became red hot. To reduce
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the heat losses from inner chamber, a jacket of coarse sand and heat
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resistance refractory material was added (Fire Clay). As shown in the figure
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to the right.
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</p>
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</article>
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<article>
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<img src="images/stove_design.png" height="300" class="floatright2" alt="Stove Design">
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<h2>The Clean Cooking System has two components:</h2>
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<ol class="test3">
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<li>Stove “Cooker” to burn fuel more efficiently and
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reduce emitted smoke.</li>
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<li>Chimney and hood, to eliminate fumes from
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dwelling. The chimney is isolated from the roof
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by a 2nd outer pipe. Nails are used to isolate the
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chimney pipe from the insulating pipe and the roof.</li>
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</ol>
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</article>
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<img src="images/example_patterns.png" height="200" class="mar" alt="Example Patterns">
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<img src="images/stove_prototypes.png" height="200" class="mar" alt="Stove Picture">
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<footer>
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<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
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<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
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</footer>
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||||||
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</body>
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</html>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
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<script>
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||||||
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function init() {
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||||||
|
var loc = window.location.href;
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||||||
|
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
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var CSSvalidLinkStr =
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||||||
|
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
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||||||
|
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
||||||
|
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
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||||||
|
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
||||||
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document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
||||||
|
}
|
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window.onload = init;
|
||||||
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</script>
|
||||||
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<style>
|
||||||
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</style>
|
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</head>
|
||||||
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<body>
|
||||||
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<ul class="nav">
|
||||||
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<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="Hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
||||||
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<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
||||||
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<li class="news"><a href="Results.html">Results</a></li>
|
||||||
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<li class="news"><a href="Conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||||||
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<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
||||||
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</ul>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
<h1>Hyopthesis and Testing Method</h1>
|
||||||
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<section>
|
||||||
|
<h2>Procedure followed to design and construct the cooking Stove</h2>
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
Design a prototype unit, based on interviews with Zimbabwe residents who are affected by IAP.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
<p>Test the:</p>
|
||||||
|
<ul class="test2">
|
||||||
|
<li>Alternative Hypothesis: A easy to construct, low-cost cooking system will significantly reduce IAP.</li>
|
||||||
|
<li>Null Hypothesis: A low-cost cooking system will not significantly reduce IAP.</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
<article>
|
||||||
|
<h2>Key Variables:</h2>
|
||||||
|
<ul class="test">
|
||||||
|
<li>Independent: Cooking method- Traditional hearth, Clean cooking system, Amount of fuel burned</li>
|
||||||
|
<li>Dependent: Cooking particulate residue (weight), Carbon Monoxide concentration, Temperature of
|
||||||
|
stove</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
</article>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<h2>Experimental Procedure</h2>
|
||||||
|
<ul class="test3">
|
||||||
|
<li>Burn constant amount of fuel using both cooking methods (Open fire vs IAP Reduction Unit) </li>
|
||||||
|
<li>Measure weight of particulate residue from the smoke collected by HEPA filter</li>
|
||||||
|
<li>Measure concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and heat at set time intervals.</li>
|
||||||
|
<li>Compare weight of fuel residue, CO concentrations and heat generated..</li>
|
||||||
|
<li>An infrared temperature thermometer at the different parts of the unit with respect to time</li>
|
||||||
|
<li>A simple chimney with filter paper is designed to measure the weight of carbon and particulates per
|
||||||
|
unit time. </li>
|
||||||
|
<li>A CO meter is used to measure the concentrations of CO present throughout the burning process</li>
|
||||||
|
<li>Determine if there a significant difference in IAP and combustion efficiency between the traditional
|
||||||
|
and IAP Reduction cooking system</li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
<footer>
|
||||||
|
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
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||||||
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<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
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</footer>
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</body>
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<html lang="en">
|
||||||
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<head>
|
||||||
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||||
|
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
||||||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
||||||
|
<script>
|
||||||
|
function init() {
|
||||||
|
var loc = window.location.href;
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var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
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var CSSvalidLinkStr =
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'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
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||||||
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loc + '?profile=css3';
|
||||||
|
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
||||||
|
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
||||||
|
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
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window.onload = init;
|
||||||
|
</script>
|
||||||
|
</head>
|
||||||
|
<body>
|
||||||
|
<ul class="nav">
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
<h1>The Inexpensive IAP Reduction System</h1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
<img class="floatright" src="images/woman_cooking.png"
|
||||||
|
height="220" alt="Woman Cooking">
|
||||||
|
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 2.6 billion people
|
||||||
|
cook and heat using polluting open fires or simple stoves fuelled by kerosene,
|
||||||
|
biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and coal (Air Pollution Data Portal,
|
||||||
|
n.d.). This generates high levels of health-damaging Indoor Air Pollution
|
||||||
|
(IAP), such as particulates, tar and carbon monoxide. Because women are
|
||||||
|
primarily responsible for cooking and raising young children, both are
|
||||||
|
disproportionately affected by IAP. For example, the World Health Report (2002)
|
||||||
|
states that in developing countries among the poor, Acute Respiratory Infection
|
||||||
|
(ARI) is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality (under 5) and is
|
||||||
|
responsible for up to 33% of all ARI cases. IAP also adversely affects Zimbabwe
|
||||||
|
because of the number of people who live in poor, rural regions. (Rural
|
||||||
|
Population (67% of Total Population…2020) - Zimbabwe | Data, n.d.).
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
A second problem caused by open or traditional heaths is the inefficient use of fuel. Past efforts to
|
||||||
|
reduce IAP have focused on efficient combustion but have not necessarily focused on thermal efficiency
|
||||||
|
of the overall cooking and heating process. As a result, a significant portion of the fuel's energy is lost,
|
||||||
|
leading to increased levels of deforestation. In parallel, people who are faced with the challenge of
|
||||||
|
indoor air pollution are from low-income communities which makes it very difficult for them to afford
|
||||||
|
expensive clean cooking stoves. Most of the existing solution focus only on reduction of Indoor Air
|
||||||
|
Pollution, but fall short on distribution the solution to billions of people who need it.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
<img class="floatleft" src="images/traditional_stove.png"
|
||||||
|
height="200" alt="traditional stove">
|
||||||
|
Because of the above issues, the engineering goal of this experiment is to create pattern designs of creating an
|
||||||
|
affordable, simple, and efficient cooking system whose design is based on origami. Origami is the Japanese
|
||||||
|
technique of creating complex 3-dimensional objects from flat sheets of paper. All that is needed to make a well
|
||||||
|
known object such as a Crane, Cube or Lion is the pattern and a piece of paper. Likewise, the clean cooking
|
||||||
|
system's components will be fabricated from flat metal sheets using simple folds and cuts, enabling them to be
|
||||||
|
made worldwide without complex fabrication techniques. Additionally, if a component;s pattern is known, it can
|
||||||
|
produce it using locally available material and tools. This reduces or eliminates funding and production
|
||||||
|
bottlenecks that have limited the impact of prior efforts when attempting to produce and distribute billions of
|
||||||
|
units worldwide.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
Since many regions that suffer from indoor air pollution also have electricity shortages, the practicality of using
|
||||||
|
the thermoelectric chips to generate electricity from the cooking stove's waste heat is evaluated. Its cost per watt
|
||||||
|
hour is compared to alternatives such as simple solar panels with local storage (batteries or super capacitors.)
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
<footer>
|
||||||
|
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
||||||
|
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
||||||
|
</footer>
|
||||||
|
</body>
|
||||||
|
</html>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||||
|
<html lang="en">
|
||||||
|
<head>
|
||||||
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||||
|
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
||||||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
||||||
|
<script>
|
||||||
|
function init() {
|
||||||
|
var loc = window.location.href;
|
||||||
|
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
|
||||||
|
var CSSvalidLinkStr =
|
||||||
|
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
|
||||||
|
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
||||||
|
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
||||||
|
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
||||||
|
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
window.onload = init;
|
||||||
|
</script>
|
||||||
|
</head>
|
||||||
|
<body>
|
||||||
|
<ul class="nav">
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="results.html">Results</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||||||
|
<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
<h1>Results</h1>
|
||||||
|
<p>For the experimental results the IAP reduction cook stove was compared to an open traditional fire in terms of
|
||||||
|
temperature carbon monoxide concentration and weight of particulates and tar released.</p>
|
||||||
|
<section>
|
||||||
|
<h2 class="floatright">Equipment Used</h2>
|
||||||
|
<img class="floatright" src="images/equipment.png" height="150" alt="Equipment">
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
<img src="images/co_graph.png" height="300" alt="Carbon Monoxide vs. Time">
|
||||||
|
<img src="images/temp_vs_time.png" height="300" alt="Temperature vs. Time">
|
||||||
|
<img src="images/time_vs_voltage.png" height="320" alt="Time vs. Voltage">
|
||||||
|
<img src="images/tar_vs_time.png" height="320" alt="Particulates & Tar vs. Time">
|
||||||
|
<footer>
|
||||||
|
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
||||||
|
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
||||||
|
</footer>
|
||||||
|
</body>
|
||||||
|
</html>
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue