forked from webcoopteam/Ruralcleancookingstove
Compare commits
21 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Date |
|---|---|---|
 webcoopteam
|
7ec6aa5bba | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
6469e642b5 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
bfec5b8d2e | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
abe9ab76cc | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
b4eaab6bc4 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
fab0e2f30a | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
c8723e5480 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
bfb6c11b5e | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
d7a5fe93dc | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
b6966d6ef9 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
47e48208e9 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
a1cf45e545 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
7c099822b1 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
5f44480a08 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
c4f6be85b9 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
16751580dd | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
c85e285061 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
fe0f97c174 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
5f96701c87 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
d1a029fc24 | 1 year ago |
|
webcoopteam
|
de8f11a8fa | 1 year ago |
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
||||||
<html lang="en">
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
||||||
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
|
||||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
|
||||||
<script>
|
|
||||||
function init() {
|
|
||||||
var loc = window.location.href;
|
|
||||||
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
|
|
||||||
var CSSvalidLinkStr =
|
|
||||||
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
|
|
||||||
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
|
||||||
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
window.onload = init;
|
|
||||||
</script>
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="nav">
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<h1>About</h1>
|
|
||||||
<h2>Tanaka Chirara</h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>Future location of any important contact information or details about Tanaka</p>
|
|
||||||
<h2>Dr. Stephan Hubbard</h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>Maybe a section talking about Dr. Hubbard?</p>
|
|
||||||
<footer>
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
|
||||||
</footer>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
||||||
<html lang="en">
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
||||||
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
|
||||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
|
||||||
<script>
|
|
||||||
function init() {
|
|
||||||
var loc = window.location.href;
|
|
||||||
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
|
|
||||||
var CSSvalidLinkStr =
|
|
||||||
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
|
|
||||||
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
|
||||||
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
window.onload = init;
|
|
||||||
</script>
|
|
||||||
<style>
|
|
||||||
</style>
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="nav">
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<h1>Conclusion</h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The results disproves the null hypothesis in the tested configuration. The clean cooking
|
|
||||||
apparatus does reduce IAP. Therefore, the next step will to be improve the design of the IAP
|
|
||||||
Reduction Stove so that it best suits the people who need it the most. The next step will be
|
|
||||||
building a full-scale prototype with the hood and chimney to test the cut and fold patterns
|
|
||||||
and the minimum gage steel that can be used.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
After building the prototype it is then installed in a unit dwelling with a steel roof or thatched
|
|
||||||
roof to determine its usefulness and efficiency in the real world.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
I will also look for partners to create the units and a website where those who have installed
|
|
||||||
a unit can upload their experiences and suggested improvements (and their improved layout
|
|
||||||
patterns). This adopts the highly-successful approach of crowdsourcing, whereby products
|
|
||||||
are continually improved by their users. This enables the basic approach to be refined for
|
|
||||||
different climates, cultures and lifestyles. Examples of this include Waze, which collects
|
|
||||||
traffic data for use by everyone, MacDonalds and Starbucks, who collect user ideas to
|
|
||||||
improve their products, and the publicly maintained software UNIX operating system,
|
|
||||||
(Berkeley Standard Distribution - BSD), and its descendent, Linux, which is installed on over
|
|
||||||
32.8 million systems and on 1.6 billion Android phones worldwide (99 Firms 2022).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<section>
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/tanaka_experiment.png" class="floatright" height="300" alt="Stove Testing">
|
|
||||||
<h2 >BIBILIOGRAPHY OF REFERENCES</h2>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="test3">
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">Air pollution data portal. (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2022, from
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" href="https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution" style="color:#276d9e;">
|
|
||||||
https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution</a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">WHO (2002). The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Organization.</li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">Rural population (% of total population)—Zimbabwe | Data. (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2022, from
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZW" style="color:#276d9e;">
|
|
||||||
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZW</a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">WHO (2002). The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Organization.</li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">H. D. Young, Physics, vol. 1, Addison-Wesly Publishing Company & Inc, 18th edition, 1992 Rohani (the year 2010 )
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/">
|
|
||||||
http://www.sciencedirect.com/</a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">Heat transfer engineering, Naim Afgan, MGS Carvalho and Suzana Prstic (July 2003)
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.researchgate.net/">
|
|
||||||
http://www.researchgate.net/</a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">Thermoelectric power generator by Joseph W.Harpster(March 2007)
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.britannica.com/">
|
|
||||||
http://www.britannica.com/</a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting article by D Enescu
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="http://www.intechopen.com/">
|
|
||||||
http://www.intechopen.com/</a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">Adora, Mr. Nikunj; Mehta, Prof Shruti; Shah, Mr. Pratik (2015-03-01). "Review ofthermoelectricity to improve energy quality". 2 Issue 3 (March-2015). JETIR.
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="www.metadata.com">
|
|
||||||
www.metadata.com</a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">99 Firms, Linux Statistics (2022-18-2).
|
|
||||||
<a class="link" style="color:#276d9e;" href="https://99firms.com/blog/linux-statistics/#gref">
|
|
||||||
https://99firms.com/blog/linux-statistics/#gref </a></li>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
</section>
|
|
||||||
<footer>
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
|
||||||
</footer>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
.nav {
|
|
||||||
list-style-type: none;
|
|
||||||
margin: 0;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
|
||||||
border: 100px;
|
|
||||||
overflow: hidden;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #000000;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.test {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #ffffff;
|
|
||||||
margin: 10px;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
|
||||||
overflow: hidden;
|
|
||||||
float: none;
|
|
||||||
color: #000000;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.test2 {
|
|
||||||
list-style: disc;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #FFFFFF;
|
|
||||||
margin: 10px;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
|
||||||
overflow: hidden;
|
|
||||||
float: none;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.test3 {
|
|
||||||
margin: 10px;
|
|
||||||
overflow: hidden;
|
|
||||||
float: none;
|
|
||||||
background-color: burlywood;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.nav li {
|
|
||||||
float: left;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
@font-face {
|
|
||||||
font-family: "Vollkron";
|
|
||||||
src: url(fonts/Vollkorn-VariableFont_wght.ttf);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.sources {
|
|
||||||
padding: 5px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
body {
|
|
||||||
font-family: 'Vollkron', sans-serif;
|
|
||||||
background-color: bisque;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.news a {
|
|
||||||
display: block;
|
|
||||||
color: white;
|
|
||||||
text-align: center;
|
|
||||||
padding: 14px 16px;
|
|
||||||
text-decoration: none;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.nav li a:hover {
|
|
||||||
background-color: rgb(47, 0, 255);
|
|
||||||
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.active {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #7ad1ef;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.floatright {
|
|
||||||
float: right;
|
|
||||||
clear: right;
|
|
||||||
margin: 10px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
.float {
|
|
||||||
float: right;
|
|
||||||
clear: right;
|
|
||||||
margin: 10px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.floatright2 {
|
|
||||||
float: right;
|
|
||||||
clear: right;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: 300px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.floatleft {
|
|
||||||
float: left;
|
|
||||||
clear: left;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: 10px;
|
|
||||||
margin-bottom: 5px
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.mar {
|
|
||||||
margin-left: 70px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
article {
|
|
||||||
padding: 10px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
h2 {
|
|
||||||
margin-bottom: 5px;
|
|
||||||
margin-top: 3px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
h1 {
|
|
||||||
margin-bottom: 3px;
|
|
||||||
margin-left: 3px
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
p{
|
|
||||||
margin: 10px;
|
|
||||||
font-size: 18px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.test li, .test2 li{
|
|
||||||
margin: 5px;
|
|
||||||
margin-left: 30px;
|
|
||||||
font-size: 18px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.test3 li {
|
|
||||||
font-size: 17px;
|
|
||||||
margin: 5px;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
.table th, .try td, .No td {
|
|
||||||
background-color:#7ad1ef;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
.okay td, .yes td {
|
|
||||||
background-color:aquamarine;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
||||||
<html lang="en">
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
||||||
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
|
||||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
|
||||||
<script>
|
|
||||||
function init() {
|
|
||||||
var loc = window.location.href;
|
|
||||||
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
|
|
||||||
var CSSvalidLinkStr =
|
|
||||||
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
|
|
||||||
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
|
||||||
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
window.onload = init;
|
|
||||||
</script>
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="nav">
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>Design</h1>
|
|
||||||
<article>
|
|
||||||
<h2>Procedure followed to design and construct the cooking Stove</h2>
|
|
||||||
<h2 class="floatright">Thermal design assumption of the cooking stove</h2>
|
|
||||||
<table width="500" class="float" height="80" alt="Thermal Design Assumption Table" border="1">
|
|
||||||
<tr class="table">
|
|
||||||
<th align="left">No-</th>
|
|
||||||
<th align="center">Material</th>
|
|
||||||
<th align="center">Parameter</th>
|
|
||||||
<th align="center">Units</th>
|
|
||||||
<th align="center">Values</th>
|
|
||||||
<th align="center">Reference</th>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr class="okay">
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">1</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Fuel<br>wood twigs</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Calorific<br>Value</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">MJ/kg</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left"></td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left"></td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr class="try">
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">2</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Stainless<br>Steel</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Thermal<br>Conductivity</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">W.m<sup>-1</sup><br>K-1</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">16</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Young 1992</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr class="yes">
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">3</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Air</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Thermal<br>Conductivity</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">W.m<sup>-1</sup><br>K-1</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">0.02</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Lienhard IV<br>2000</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr class="No">
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">4</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Flame</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Theoretical<br>Maximum<br>Temperature</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">K</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">2123</td>
|
|
||||||
<td align="left">Yusur 2011</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="test3">
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">Test the performance of designs based on the experience of Zimbabwe
|
|
||||||
residents who cook inside of their dwellings without proper ventilation
|
|
||||||
and suffer from IAP.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">One square meter of discarded sheet metal 1mm thick was used to create
|
|
||||||
several different units.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">The metal sheet was marked using some chalk to create fold lines and cut
|
|
||||||
lines.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="sources">The marked shapes were cut using sheet metal snips. The shapes were
|
|
||||||
joining by folding the edges of the two-dimensional shapes to form threedimensional shapes.</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<p>Note: Pop rivets were used for speed, but the shapes can all be assembled using folded tabs.</p>
|
|
||||||
</article>
|
|
||||||
<article>
|
|
||||||
<h2> Design of Combustion Chamber: </h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The combustion chamber is designed in a
|
|
||||||
rectangular prism shape. In the combustion chamber fuel (wood pieces) are
|
|
||||||
combusted. It was observed that inner chamber became red hot. To reduce
|
|
||||||
the heat losses from inner chamber, a jacket of coarse sand and heat
|
|
||||||
resistance refractory material was added (Fire Clay). As shown in the figure
|
|
||||||
to the right.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</article>
|
|
||||||
<article>
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/stove_design.png" height="300" class="floatright2" alt="Stove Design">
|
|
||||||
<h2>The Clean Cooking System has two components:</h2>
|
|
||||||
<ol class="test3">
|
|
||||||
<li>Stove “Cooker” to burn fuel more efficiently and
|
|
||||||
reduce emitted smoke.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Chimney and hood, to eliminate fumes from
|
|
||||||
dwelling. The chimney is isolated from the roof
|
|
||||||
by a 2nd outer pipe. Nails are used to isolate the
|
|
||||||
chimney pipe from the insulating pipe and the roof.</li>
|
|
||||||
</ol>
|
|
||||||
</article>
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/example_patterns.png" height="200" class="mar" alt="Example Patterns">
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/stove_prototypes.png" height="200" class="mar" alt="Stove Picture">
|
|
||||||
<footer>
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
|
||||||
</footer>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
||||||
<html lang="en">
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
||||||
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
|
||||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
|
||||||
<script>
|
|
||||||
function init() {
|
|
||||||
var loc = window.location.href;
|
|
||||||
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
|
|
||||||
var CSSvalidLinkStr =
|
|
||||||
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
|
|
||||||
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
|
||||||
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
window.onload = init;
|
|
||||||
</script>
|
|
||||||
<style>
|
|
||||||
</style>
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="nav">
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="Hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="Results.html">Results</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="Conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>Hyopthesis and Testing Method</h1>
|
|
||||||
<section>
|
|
||||||
<h2>Procedure followed to design and construct the cooking Stove</h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Design a prototype unit, based on interviews with Zimbabwe residents who are affected by IAP.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>Test the:</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="test2">
|
|
||||||
<li>Alternative Hypothesis: A easy to construct, low-cost cooking system will significantly reduce IAP.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Null Hypothesis: A low-cost cooking system will not significantly reduce IAP.</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<article>
|
|
||||||
<h2>Key Variables:</h2>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="test">
|
|
||||||
<li>Independent: Cooking method- Traditional hearth, Clean cooking system, Amount of fuel burned</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Dependent: Cooking particulate residue (weight), Carbon Monoxide concentration, Temperature of
|
|
||||||
stove</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
</article>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2>Experimental Procedure</h2>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="test3">
|
|
||||||
<li>Burn constant amount of fuel using both cooking methods (Open fire vs IAP Reduction Unit) </li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Measure weight of particulate residue from the smoke collected by HEPA filter</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Measure concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and heat at set time intervals.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Compare weight of fuel residue, CO concentrations and heat generated..</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>An infrared temperature thermometer at the different parts of the unit with respect to time</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>A simple chimney with filter paper is designed to measure the weight of carbon and particulates per
|
|
||||||
unit time. </li>
|
|
||||||
<li>A CO meter is used to measure the concentrations of CO present throughout the burning process</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Determine if there a significant difference in IAP and combustion efficiency between the traditional
|
|
||||||
and IAP Reduction cooking system</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
</section>
|
|
||||||
<footer>
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
|
||||||
</footer>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 255 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 373 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 52 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 334 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 390 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 90 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 237 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 259 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 134 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 88 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 123 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 177 KiB |
@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
||||||
<html lang="en">
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
||||||
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
|
||||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
|
||||||
<script>
|
|
||||||
function init() {
|
|
||||||
var loc = window.location.href;
|
|
||||||
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
|
|
||||||
var CSSvalidLinkStr =
|
|
||||||
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
|
|
||||||
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
|
||||||
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
window.onload = init;
|
|
||||||
</script>
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="nav">
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="results.html">Results</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<h1>The Inexpensive IAP Reduction System</h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<img class="floatright" src="images/woman_cooking.png"
|
|
||||||
height="220" alt="Woman Cooking">
|
|
||||||
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 2.6 billion people
|
|
||||||
cook and heat using polluting open fires or simple stoves fuelled by kerosene,
|
|
||||||
biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and coal (Air Pollution Data Portal,
|
|
||||||
n.d.). This generates high levels of health-damaging Indoor Air Pollution
|
|
||||||
(IAP), such as particulates, tar and carbon monoxide. Because women are
|
|
||||||
primarily responsible for cooking and raising young children, both are
|
|
||||||
disproportionately affected by IAP. For example, the World Health Report (2002)
|
|
||||||
states that in developing countries among the poor, Acute Respiratory Infection
|
|
||||||
(ARI) is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality (under 5) and is
|
|
||||||
responsible for up to 33% of all ARI cases. IAP also adversely affects Zimbabwe
|
|
||||||
because of the number of people who live in poor, rural regions. (Rural
|
|
||||||
Population (67% of Total Population…2020) - Zimbabwe | Data, n.d.).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A second problem caused by open or traditional heaths is the inefficient use of fuel. Past efforts to
|
|
||||||
reduce IAP have focused on efficient combustion but have not necessarily focused on thermal efficiency
|
|
||||||
of the overall cooking and heating process. As a result, a significant portion of the fuel's energy is lost,
|
|
||||||
leading to increased levels of deforestation. In parallel, people who are faced with the challenge of
|
|
||||||
indoor air pollution are from low-income communities which makes it very difficult for them to afford
|
|
||||||
expensive clean cooking stoves. Most of the existing solution focus only on reduction of Indoor Air
|
|
||||||
Pollution, but fall short on distribution the solution to billions of people who need it.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<img class="floatleft" src="images/traditional_stove.png"
|
|
||||||
height="200" alt="traditional stove">
|
|
||||||
Because of the above issues, the engineering goal of this experiment is to create pattern designs of creating an
|
|
||||||
affordable, simple, and efficient cooking system whose design is based on origami. Origami is the Japanese
|
|
||||||
technique of creating complex 3-dimensional objects from flat sheets of paper. All that is needed to make a well
|
|
||||||
known object such as a Crane, Cube or Lion is the pattern and a piece of paper. Likewise, the clean cooking
|
|
||||||
system's components will be fabricated from flat metal sheets using simple folds and cuts, enabling them to be
|
|
||||||
made worldwide without complex fabrication techniques. Additionally, if a component;s pattern is known, it can
|
|
||||||
produce it using locally available material and tools. This reduces or eliminates funding and production
|
|
||||||
bottlenecks that have limited the impact of prior efforts when attempting to produce and distribute billions of
|
|
||||||
units worldwide.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Since many regions that suffer from indoor air pollution also have electricity shortages, the practicality of using
|
|
||||||
the thermoelectric chips to generate electricity from the cooking stove's waste heat is evaluated. Its cost per watt
|
|
||||||
hour is compared to alternatives such as simple solar panels with local storage (batteries or super capacitors.)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<footer>
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
|
||||||
</footer>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
||||||
<html lang="en">
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
||||||
<title>The Inexpensive IAP reduction system</title>
|
|
||||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/stove.css">
|
|
||||||
<script>
|
|
||||||
function init() {
|
|
||||||
var loc = window.location.href;
|
|
||||||
var HTMLvalidLinkStr = 'http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=' + loc;
|
|
||||||
var CSSvalidLinkStr =
|
|
||||||
'http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=' +
|
|
||||||
loc + '?profile=css3';
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink1").setAttribute("href",
|
|
||||||
HTMLvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
document.getElementById("vLink2").setAttribute("href", CSSvalidLinkStr);
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
window.onload = init;
|
|
||||||
</script>
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="nav">
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="hyopthesis.html">Hypothesis</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="design.html">Design</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a class="active" href="results.html">Results</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li class="news"><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<h1>Results</h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>For the experimental results the IAP reduction cook stove was compared to an open traditional fire in terms of
|
|
||||||
temperature carbon monoxide concentration and weight of particulates and tar released.</p>
|
|
||||||
<section>
|
|
||||||
<h2 class="floatright">Equipment Used</h2>
|
|
||||||
<img class="floatright" src="images/equipment.png" height="150" alt="Equipment">
|
|
||||||
</section>
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/co_graph.png" height="300" alt="Carbon Monoxide vs. Time">
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/temp_vs_time.png" height="300" alt="Temperature vs. Time">
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/time_vs_voltage.png" height="320" alt="Time vs. Voltage">
|
|
||||||
<img src="images/tar_vs_time.png" height="320" alt="Particulates & Tar vs. Time">
|
|
||||||
<footer>
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink1"><strong> HTML </strong> Valid! </a> |
|
|
||||||
<a id="vLink2"><strong> CSS </strong> Valid! </a>
|
|
||||||
</footer>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue